yum
yum ：Yellow dog Updater modified
是Centos中前端软件管理器，基于RPM包管理，能够从指定的服务器自动下载RPM包且安装，最大的特点就是能够解决软件包的依赖性。
ps：rpm包具体管理参考请博客：http://snowbamboo1.blog.51cto.com
软件包来源：
可以是通过网络共享服务器获取，也可以通过本地文件获取
通过ftp文件共享服务器获得ftp://
通过网络共享服务器获得http://
本地文件共享服务器获得file://
yum客户端配置文件：
/etc/yum.conf 提供仓库的配置
/etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo 指定仓库位置的配置文件，可以是多个*.repo结尾的文件
yum库指定文件详解
[extras]#名称name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras#描述可省去不用写baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/ file:///mnt/cdrom ftp://10.0.10.1/centos7/#url地址，格式如上。也可以只设定一个地址。gpgcheck=1#gpg检查是否key，可以设置成0禁用enabled=1 #默认是开启状态，可以不用添加gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6#key地址
下面我配置做一个本地光盘挂载的yum库
#将光盘进行挂载vim /etc/fstab/dev/sr0 /mnt/cdrom iso9660 defaults 0 0 df hT #查看挂载状态/dev/sr0 iso9660 7.3G 7.3G 0 100% /mnt/cdrom#配置yum仓库，首先将目录下其他yum原文件备份到别处，新建一个新的.repo文件[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim bash.repo [bash]baseurl=file:///mnt/cdromgpgcheck=0enabled=1[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum clean allLoaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacksRepository 'bash' is missing name in configuration, using idCleaning repos: bashCleaning up everythingCleaning up list of fastest mirrors[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum repolistLoaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacksRepository 'bash' is missing name in configuration, using idbash | 3.6 kB 00:00 (1/2): bash/group_gz | 155 kB 00:00 (2/2): bash/primary_db | 5.3 MB 00:00 Determining fastest mirrorsrepo id repo name statusbash bash 9,007repolist: 9,007
yum 命令
yum [options] [command] [package ...]
包管理
yum install package1 [package2] [....]#安装程序包yum reinstall package1 #重新安装yum update|downgrade package1 [.....]#升级|降级程序包yum check-update#检查可用升级yum remove package1yum repolist [all|enabled|disabled]#显示仓库列表yum list #显示程序包
包组管理
yum groupinstall group1#安装包组yum groupupdate group1#升级安装包组yum grouplist #查看包组yum groupremove group1#删除包组yum groupinfo group1#查看组属性
yum 命令行常用选项
--nogpgcheck 禁止进行 gpg check-y 自动回答yes，取消交互式安装-q 静默模式
下面使用yum安装一个vsftp服务：
[root@localhost cdrom]# yum info vsftpd Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacksRepository 'bash' is missing name in configuration, using idLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfileAvailable PackagesName : vsftpdArch : x86_64Version : 3.0.2Release : 10.el7Size : 167 kRepo : bashSummary : Very Secure Ftp DaemonURL : https://security.appspot.com/vsftpd.htmlLicense : GPLv2 with exceptionsDescription : vsftpd is a Very Secure FTP daemon. It was written completely from : scratch. [root@localhost cdrom]# yum list |grep vsftpdRepository 'bash' is missing name in configuration, using idvsftpd.x86_64 3.0.2-10.el7 bashvsftpd-sysvinit.x86_64 3.0.2-10.el7 bash[root@localhost cdrom]# yum install vsftpd.x86_64 -yLoaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacksRepository 'bash' is missing name in configuration, using idLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfileResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package vsftpd.x86_64 0:3.0.2-10.el7 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: logrotate for package: vsftpd-3.0.2-10.el7.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: libwrap.so.0()(64bit) for package: vsftpd-3.0.2-10.el7.x86_64--> Running transaction check---> Package logrotate.x86_64 0:3.8.6-6.el7 will be installed---> Package tcp_wrappers-libs.x86_64 0:7.6-77.el7 will be installed--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved=================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size===================================================================================================================Installing: vsftpd x86_64 3.0.2-10.el7 bash 167 kInstalling for dependencies: logrotate x86_64 3.8.6-6.el7 bash 66 k tcp_wrappers-libs x86_64 7.6-77.el7 bash 66 kTransaction Summary===================================================================================================================Install 1 Package (+2 Dependent packages)Total download size: 299 kInstalled size: 579 kDownloading packages:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 636 kB/s | 299 kB 00:00:00 Running transaction checkRunning transaction testTransaction test succeededRunning transaction Installing : tcp_wrappers-libs-7.6-77.el7.x86_64 1/3 Installing : logrotate-3.8.6-6.el7.x86_64 2/3 warning: /var/lib/logrotate.status created as /var/lib/logrotate.status.rpmnew Installing : vsftpd-3.0.2-10.el7.x86_64 3/3 Verifying : logrotate-3.8.6-6.el7.x86_64 1/3 Verifying : vsftpd-3.0.2-10.el7.x86_64 2/3 Verifying : tcp_wrappers-libs-7.6-77.el7.x86_64 3/3 Installed: vsftpd.x86_64 0:3.0.2-10.el7 Dependency Installed: logrotate.x86_64 0:3.8.6-6.el7 tcp_wrappers-libs.x86_64 0:7.6-77.el7 Complete![root@localhost cdrom]# yum info vsftpdLoaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacksRepository 'bash' is missing name in configuration, using idLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfileInstalled PackagesName : vsftpdArch : x86_64Version : 3.0.2Release : 10.el7Size : 347 kRepo : installedFrom repo : bashSummary : Very Secure Ftp DaemonURL : https://security.appspot.com/vsftpd.htmlLicense : GPLv2 with exceptionsDescription : vsftpd is a Very Secure FTP daemon. It was written completely from : scratch.[root@localhost cdrom]# rpm -ql vsftpd/etc/logrotate.d/vsftpd/etc/pam.d/vsftpd/etc/vsftpd/etc/vsftpd/ftpusers/etc/vsftpd/user_list/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd_conf_migrate.sh/usr/lib/systemd/system-generators/vsftpd-generator/usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service/usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.target/usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd@.service/usr/sbin/vsftpd/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/AUDIT/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/BENCHMARKS/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/BUGS/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/COPYING/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/Changelog/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE/README/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE/README.configuration/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE/vsftpd.conf/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE/vsftpd.xinetd/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE_NOINETD/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE_NOINETD/README/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE_NOINETD/README.configuration/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE_NOINETD/vsftpd.conf/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/PER_IP_CONFIG/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/PER_IP_CONFIG/README/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/PER_IP_CONFIG/README.configuration/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/PER_IP_CONFIG/hosts.allow/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/README/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_HOSTS/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_HOSTS/README/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS/README/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS/README.configuration/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS/logins.txt/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS/vsftpd.conf/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS/vsftpd.pam/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS_2/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS_2/README/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/FAQ/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/INSTALL/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/LICENSE/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/README/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/README.security/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/REWARD/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/SECURITY/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/SECURITY/DESIGN/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/SECURITY/IMPLEMENTATION/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/SECURITY/OVERVIEW/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/SECURITY/TRUST/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/SIZE/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/SPEED/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/TODO/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/TUNING/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/vsftpd.xinetd/usr/share/man/man5/vsftpd.conf.5.gz/usr/share/man/man8/vsftpd.8.gz/var/ftp/var/ftp/pub[root@localhost cdrom]# ll /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers vsftpd.conf vsftpd.conf.rpmsave user_list vsftpd_conf_migrate.sh [root@localhost cdrom]# ll /etc/vsftpd/total 24-rw-------. 1 root root 125 Nov 21 2015 ftpusers-rw-------. 1 root root 361 Nov 21 2015 user_list-rw-------. 1 root root 5030 Nov 21 2015 vsftpd.conf-rwxr--r--. 1 root root 338 Nov 21 2015 vsftpd_conf_migrate.sh-rw-------. 1 root root 1043 Aug 23 21:21 vsftpd.conf.rpmsave
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源码安装
源码报获取方式：
官方自建站点
例如tomcat站点
代码托管站点
www.SourceForge.net
www.Github.com
下图是sourceforge站点
开始准备编译安装一个apache软件
首先准备
编译安装准备：
提供开发工具及开发环境
开发工具：make, gcc等
开发环境：开发库，头文件
glibc：标准库
安装开发工具及开发环境
首先用yum安装开发环境包组
yum groupinstall Development Tools -y
然后从apache官网下载源代码包
wget http://apache.fayea.com//httpd/httpd-2.2.31.tar.bz2
解压包
[root@localhost testdir]# tar -jxvf httpd-2.2.31.tar.bz2
正式安装
在安装前还要啰嗦几句
编译安装源代码包需要三部
第一步：执行configure脚本,该脚本位于程式源文件的主目录下
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.31]# ./configure
常用选项
./configure --help
--prefix=/PATH: 指定默认安装位置,默认为/usr/local/
--sysconfdir=/PATH：配置文件安装位置
该脚本将对系统进行扫描，确保程序所需的库文已存在，并做好文件路径及其他所需的设置工作。如果程式所需的库文件不完全，该设置脚本就会退出，并告诉你还需要哪些库文件或是哪些版本太旧需要更新。
第二步：编译
make
脚本执行完成没有报错后就是编译源代码了，在软件目录下执行make
第三步：安装
make install
软件成功编译后，然后将他们安装到系统上。大部分程序的makefile文件中都会有一个用于安装的函数
启动程序
[root@localhost bin]# netstat -antActive Internet connections (servers and established)Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6010 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6012 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 52 10.1.252.249:22 10.1.250.31:50337 ESTABLISHEDtcp 0 0 10.1.252.249:22 10.1.250.31:61474 ESTABLISHEDtcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 ::1:6010 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 ::1:6012 :::* LISTEN [root@localhost bin]# ./apachectl starthttpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain for ServerName[root@localhost bin]# netstat -antActive Internet connections (servers and established)Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6010 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6012 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 52 10.1.252.249:22 10.1.250.31:50337 ESTABLISHEDtcp 0 0 10.1.252.249:22 10.1.250.31:61474 ESTABLISHEDtcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 ::1:6010 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 ::1:6012 :::* LISTEN